著者について:https://ahc.leeds.ac.uk/philosophy/staff/725/dr-victor-dura-vila
美的経験はそれ自体のために評価されるということを、キャロルは否定し、ステッカーは肯定する。彼らの論争を踏まえて、私は次のように主張する。それ自体のために評価される美的経験をすること抜きにして、芸術の評価・分析という実践を果たすことは心理学的に不可能である、と。この主張をサポートし、キャロル-ステッカー論争を前進させる過程で、議論の方法論的前提も検討し、またネガティブな美的経験や良くも悪くもない[indifferent]美的経験、思いがけない[unexpected]美的経験についての更なる理解も作り上げる。この論文は、芸術評価と分析に関する私の主張に基づいて、ステッカーの立場を擁護するものである。
Noël Carroll denies and Robert Stecker affirms that it is a necessary condition of aesthetic experience that it should be valued for its own sake. I make use of their controversy to argue for the psychological impossibility of discharging very common practices of art evaluation and analysis without undergoing an aesthetic experience valued for its own sake. By way of supporting my thesis and also making progress in Stecker and Carroll’s dispute about aesthetic experience, I analyse their methodological assumptions and develop further our understanding of negative, indifferent and unexpected aesthetic experiences. The article provides a defence of Stecker’s position based on my contention regarding art evaluation and analysis.
Noël Carroll and Robert Stecker are at a deadlock. They disagree about whether or not it is a necessary condition of aesthetic experience that it should be valued for its own sake. Stecker sides with the yeas, Carroll with the nays. Their argument is vividly illustrated through a number of related thought experiments, where two people engage with a work of art in exactly the same fashion except for one stipulated difference: one experiences the work of art for its own sake, while the other does not. According to Carroll, both people undergo an aesthetic experience, since they fulfil his conditions for aesthetic experience. Stecker, of course, disagrees.
My primary motivation in this paper is to show that out of the controversy between Stecker and Carroll there are some interesting lessons to be learnt concerning the psychological impossibility of engaging in certain evaluative and analytical art practices without valuing the experience of the works of art for their own sake. My secondary motivation is to help make progress in the dispute between Carroll and Stecker.
The controversy between Stecker and Carroll on this aspect of their respective views of aesthetic experience has involved a number of exchanges over the years, with the positive result of a refinement of their positions.1 Obviously, I will focus on what I consider the best versions of the relevant points of their theories of aesthetic experience; however, when it is advantageous to the explanatory aims of the present paper, I will go back to earlier stages of the dispute (Section 4).
In what follows, I will characterize the relevant aspects of Carroll’s and Stecker’s positions (Section 2), produce an analysis of their methodological assumptions (Section 3), refine our understanding of negative, indifferent and unexpected aesthetic experiences (Section 4) and, finally, establish my key contentions regarding the psychological impossibility of engaging in certain very common art practices of evaluation and analysis that involve an aesthetic experience without valuing said experience for its own sake, thus lending further support to Stecker’s position (Section 5).
最小説:
Stecker’s favoured theory of aesthetic experience, the minimal view, says that
aesthetic experience is the experience of attending in a discriminating manner to forms, qualities, or meaningful features of things, attending to these for their own sake or for the sake of this very experience. Such experiences can be positively or negatively valued. In so far as they are valued aesthetic experiences, they are valued for their own sake. They may also be valued for other reasons but that would be irrelevant to their being aesthetic experiences.2
Two brief but important points of clarification are in order regarding Stecker’s understanding of the idea of valuing an experience for its own sake. First of all, as is apparent from the quotation above, for Stecker, valuing something for its own sake does not exclude valuing it for other reasons, including instrumental reasons. I value reading Les Fleurs du Mal in its original French for its own sake, but I also consider it worthwhile because it improves my French. However, and crucially, my interest in improving my French is entirely irrelevant to my valuing the aesthetic experience afforded by Baudelaire’s poetry, which I value for its own sake.3 Secondly, Stecker is at pains to disentangle his proposed view from any notion of disinterestedness, particularly those notions that trace their ancestry back to Kant.4
In contrast to Stecker, Carroll maintains that ‘valuing an experience for its own sake is not a necessary condition for classifying an experience as aesthetic’.5 His positive proposal is the content-oriented approach to the characterization of aesthetic experience. Carroll argues that
内容志向説:
【コメント:表出的性質は、シブリー的な意味での美的性質に含まれると考えてよい?】
a specimen of experience is aesthetic if it involves the apprehension/comprehension by an informed subject in the ways mandated (by the tradition, the object, and/ or the artist) of the formal structures, aesthetic and/or expressive properties of the object, and/or the emergence of those features from the base properties of the work and/or of the manner in which those features interact with each other and/ or address the cognitive, perceptual, emotive, and/or imaginative powers of the subject.6
The disagreement between Carroll and Stecker can be captured quite saliently by a series of thought experiments which, in turn, play a key role in substantiating their divergent positions, since each of them interprets these thought experiments as backing his own view. Jerome and Charles have indistinguishable experiences of a work of art but for one stipulated difference: Jerome values experiencing the work of art for its own sake, whereas Charles does not. Charles values the experience of the work of art because, say, it enhances his perceptual capacities or allows him to write an essay that he needs to submit soon.7
For Carroll, as long as Charles’s engagement with the work of art involves the required understanding of (or attending to) the relevant properties (as per the disjunctive list offered in the quotation above), he is undergoing an aesthetic experience. And so is Jerome. For Stecker, of course, Charles is not having an aesthetic experience, since the necessary condition of valuing said experience for its own sake is missing.